Euro Area vs Japan · Real-time payment systems compared
| Capability | SEPA Instant | Zengin |
|---|---|---|
| QR Code Payments | — | — |
| Wallet Support | — | — |
| 24/7 Availability | ✓ | ✓ |
| Cross-Border | ✓ | — |
| ISO 20022 | ✓ | — |
| Request to Pay | ✓ | — |
| Open API | ◐ | — |
| Alias/Proxy | ◐ | — |
Pan-European instant credit transfer scheme enabling payments across 36 SEPA countries in under 10 seconds, 24/7/365. Transactions clear through the ECB's TIPS platform or EBA Clearing's RT1 system, with a maximum amount of €100,000. The EU's Instant Payments Regulation (IPR) mandates all eurozone banks to offer SCT Inst by 2025, dramatically expanding reach. Built on ISO 20022, it represents the largest cross-border instant payment zone in the world by number of participating countries. Wero, the digital wallet launched by the European Payments Initiative (EPI) in 2024, runs on SCT Inst rails — Wero transactions are included in these figures.
Japan's domestic interbank clearing network, one of the oldest electronic payment systems in the world, connecting over 1,000 banks and financial institutions. Originally a batch-processing system, Zengin was upgraded to 24/7 real-time operations in 2018 via the "More Time System" extension. Operated by the Japanese Bankers Association with settlement through the BOJ, it handles the vast majority of Japan's domestic credit transfers. Note: data includes all Zengin transactions (both real-time and batch-processed), as the system does not separately report its 24/7 instant component.