Russia vs India · Real-time payment systems compared
| Capability | SBP | UPI |
|---|---|---|
| QR Code Payments | ✓ | ✓ |
| Wallet Support | — | ✓ |
| 24/7 Availability | ✓ | ✓ |
| Cross-Border | ◐ | ✓ |
| ISO 20022 | ✓ | — |
| Request to Pay | ✓ | ✓ |
| Open API | ◐ | ✓ |
| Alias/Proxy | ✓ | ✓ |
Russia's System of Fast Payments (Sistema Bystrykh Platezhey, SBP) is the national instant-payments scheme launched by the Bank of Russia and NSPK in January 2019. It enables 24/7 real-time interbank credit transfers addressed by mobile phone number, plus QR-code payments to merchants (C2B), payouts from businesses to individuals (B2C), and cross-border transfers to CIS and friendly countries. The Bank of Russia acts as operator and settlement centre; NSPK provides operational and clearing infrastructure. Systemically important banks are mandated to participate; consumer transfers up to RUB 100,000/month are fee-free. Data transparency has decreased somewhat since 2022; the CBR continues to publish quarterly aggregate SBP statistics.
Unified Payments Interface is a real-time interbank payment system built on top of IMPS infrastructure, enabling instant mobile payments via QR code, phone number, Aadhaar, or virtual payment address (VPA). With 300+ participating banks and 50+ third-party apps (Google Pay, PhonePe, Paytm), UPI processes 14B+ transactions per month and has become India's dominant payment method for both P2P and merchant payments. Now expanding internationally with cross-border linkages to Singapore's PayNow and other ASEAN systems.